Host
A website "host" is a company that creates servers for you to put your website on. Typically you buy a domain name and you "point" the domain name to the host's IP addresses. Many of these hosts also ofter the service of selling domain names.
Here are some popular hosting companies for small to medium size sites
Some hosting companies like Heroku and Digital allow you to run server-side programming languages so you can have a dynamic site. Netlify and Vercel on the other hand are setup specifically for static sites.
You can even turn your GitHub repo into a static site for free with their GitHub Pages feature.
For really large websites, you can use these cloud-hosting providers. Usually when we say "cloud hosting" we're referring to hosts that offer many virtualized services.